Разработка презентации на английском языке на тему "Inventions". Презентация на тему: История создания автомобиля Презентация на тему изобретение автомобиля карл бенц

INVENTIONS AND INVENTORS

"To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old questions from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance".

"Imagination is more important than knowledge" .

To invent is to see anew.

An invention is a new composition, device, or process. Some inventions are based on pre-existing models or ideas and others are radical breakthroughs. Inventions can extend the boundaries of human knowledge or experience.

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (1765 – 1833)

Joseph Nicéphore Niépce was a French inventor, most noted as one of the inventors of photography and a pioneer in the field. He is well-known for taking some of the earliest photographs, dating to the 1820s. As revolutionary as his invention was, Niépce is little known even today.

Alexander Graham Bell (1847 – 1922)

Alexander Graham Bell was an eminent scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator who is credited with inventing the first practical telephone. His research on hearing and speech led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876.

Karl Friedrich Benz (1844 – 1929)

Karl Friedrich Benz was a German engine designer and automobile engineer, generally regarded as the inventor of the petrol-powered automobile and pioneering founder of the automobile manufacturer, Mercedes-Benz.

The Lumière brothers: Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas (1862 – 1954) Louis Jean (1864– 1948)

The Lumière brothers were among the earliest filmmakers. Louis had made some improvements to the still-photograph process, the most notable being the dry-plate process, which was a major step towards moving images. The cinematograph itself was patented on 13 February 1895 and the first footage ever to be recorded using it was recorded on 19 March 1895.

The Wright brothers: Orville (1871 – 1948) Wilbur (1867 – 1912)

The Wright brothers were two Americans who are generally credited with inventing and building the world"s first successful airplane and making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903. In two years afterward, the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft. The Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing flight possible.

László József Bíró (1899 – 1985)

László József Bíró was the inventor of the modern ballpoint pen.

He presented the first production of the ball pen at the Budapest International Fair in 1931. Working with his brother George, a chemist, he developed a new tip consisting of a ball that was free to turn in a socket, and as it turned it would pick up ink from a cartridge and then roll to deposit it on the paper. Bíró patented the invention in Paris in 1938.

James Murray Spangler (1848 - 1915)

In 1907, James Murray Spangler, a janitor in Canton, Ohio invented an electric vacuum cleaner from a fan, a box, and a pillowcase.

John Logie Baird (1888 – 1946)

John Logie Baird was a British engineer and inventor of the world"s first working television system, also the world"s first fully electronic colour television broadcast. Although Baird"s electromechanical system was eventually displaced by purely electronic systems his early successes demonstrating working television broadcasts and his colour and cinema television work earn him a prominent place in television"s invention.

John Gorrie (1803 – 1855)

John Gorrie was a physician, scientist, inventor, and humanitarian, is considered the father of refrigeration and air conditioning.

Henry Ford (1863 – 1947)

Henry Ford was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of modern assembly lines used in mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S. patents.

Richard G.Drew (1886-1982)

In 1923 Richard Drew settled down on work in company Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing which concerned with the production of the sandpaper, exploratory activity in the field of watertight surfaces and experimented with cellophane. And 27 May 1930 Richard Drew patented his invention - transparent getting sticky tape.

Alexander Fleming (1881 – 1955)

Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. His best-known achievements are the discovery of the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the antibiotic substance penicillin from the fungus Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain.

Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov (1907 – 1966)

Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov was the head Soviet rocket engineer and designer during the Space Race between the United States and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. He is considered by many as the father of practical astronautics.

Akio Morita (1921 - 1999)

Akio Morita was a Japanese entrepreneur, cofounder of Sony Corp. In 1949, the company developed magnetic recording tape and in 1950, sold the first tape recorder in Japan. In 1957, it produced a pocket-sized radio.

William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955)

William Henry "Bill" Gates III is an American business magnate, philanthropist, and chairman of Microsoft, the software company. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution.

Sir Ian Wilmut is an English embryologist and is currently Director of the MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Edinburgh. He is best known as the leader of the research group that in 1996 first cloned a mammal from an adult somatic cell, a Finnish Dorset lamb named Dolly.

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Презентация на тему: История создания автомобиля

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Повозка была грубой формы и предназначалась по замыслу ее создателя для перевозки артиллерии. У нее имелось три колеса, из которых одно впереди, ведущее и одновременно рулевое. Только вода и топливо, необходимые для движения, весили целую тонну.Тяжело груженное рулевое колесо было не под силу повернуть одному. С ним с трудом справлялись два человека. Медный котел с топкой висел тяжелой грушей впереди повозки и шипел, как Змей Горыныч, повозка ковыляла со скоростью не более 4 км/час.

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В 1885 году Карл продемонстрировал бюргерам Мангейма свой трехколесный самодвижущийся экипаж с бензиновым двигателем.Однако новинка вызвала не столько интерес, сколько раздражение. Когда Бенц решил проехать по городу, шум мотора перепугал лошадь мясника. Она понесла, рассыпав по дороге груз. Чтобы замять скандал, Карл купил испорченный товар, поставил автомобиль под навес и принялся его совершенствовать.

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Машину "угнали" ранним летним утром 1888 года, когда ее создатель спал.Старший сын Евгений сел за руль, рядом с ним мать(Берта), сзади - младший брат. Они отправились к родственникам в маленький городок Пфорцхейм.Впрочем, это был лишь предлог. Приключений и волнений в дороге было предостаточно. В то время бензин можно было купить только в керосиновых лавках, где его продавали как средство для чистки одежды от пятен. Неисправности приходилось устранять подручными средствами - для прочистки засорившегося бензопровода Берта использовала длинную шляпную булавку, а ленту от шляпки - для закрепления деталей системы зажигания.Каждый раз, спускаясь под гору, мать волновалась за мальчиков - вдруг испортится деревянный тормоз. Приходилось не раз останавливаться и просить деревенских сапожников заново обивать его кожей. Цепи привода задних колес вытянулись и начали соскакивать с зубцов звездочек. Пришлось остановиться еще и у кузницы.Но за все свои волнения путешественники были вознаграждены с лихвой. Жители Пфорцхейма сбегались толпами, чтобы поглазеть на трехколесную "безлошадную повозку".О дальнем автопробеге Берты узнала вся Германия, пресса обратила серьезное внимание не только на ее путешествие, но и на автомобиль Карла Бенца. С этого времени и начался его путь к славе и успеху.

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Первый автомобиль Бенца, сделанный в 1885 году, представлял собой трехколесный двухместный экипаж на высоких колесах со спицами. На него Бенц поставил свой новый четырехтактный бензиновый мотор с водяным охлаждением мощностью 0,9 л.с.Цилиндр располагался горизонтально над осью огромных задних колес и приводил их в движение через одну ременную и две цепные передачи. Большой, горизонтально расположенный маховик находился под двигателем. Он соединялся с коленвалом конической передачей и использовался для создания равномерного вращения и для запуска мотора.Электрическое зажигание питалось от гальванической батареи - это было более совершенное решение, чем калильные трубки Готлиба Даймлера, работавшего параллельно и независимо от Бенца (фирмы объединилась только в 1926 году, образовав компанию «Даймлер-Бенц АГ»).В отличие от деревянной тележки Даймлера, автомобиль Бенца имел раму, спаянную из металлических трубок. Машина развивала смехотворную по нашим меркам скорость - 16 км/ч, но по тем временам это была весьма прогрессивная конструкция.

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«Народный» автомобиль В 1908 году Генри Форд воплотил в жизнь свою мечту, выпустив модель «T» - надежный и недорогой автомобиль, который стал одной из самых массовых и популярных машин своего времени. В 1913 году Генри Форд начал работу по внедрению и установке в цехах предприятия беспрерывной линии по сборке автомобилей модели «Т». Это послужило началом настоящего индустриального переворота. Сборочная линия на первом заводе Форда в Хайдленд Парке в штате Мичиган (США) стала отправной точкой для развития массового производства во всем мире.

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Самый дорогой автомобиль в мире Bugatti Veyron $1,700,000 5 января на LA Auto Show в Калифорнии был представлен Bugatti Veyron 16.4, самый быстрый, самый мощный и самый дорогой автомобиль в мире. Техническое чудо под названием Bugatti Veyron 16.4 обладает мощностью в 1000 лошадиных сил и разгоняется до 407 километров в час. А для набора 100 км/ч с места Bugatti Veyron требуется всего 2,8 секунды, это быстрее одного из самых быстрых мотоциклов класса "супер-спорт" Suzuki GSX-R1000!

25 November 1844 - 4 April 1929
Karl Benz was born November 26, 1844 in the
village of Pfaffenrot located in the black forest in
southwest Germany.

German inventor Karl Benz is one of the many individuals given credit for the creation of the first automobile. In 1885 he invented the motorized tricycle, which became the first "horseless carriage" to be driven by an internal combustion engine. Benz"s contributions to automotive design also included the creation of such features as a carburetor and an electrical ignition system.

Karl Benz was a German engineer and inventor who was responsible for many contributions to the design of modern automobiles. He developed an internal combustion gasoline engine for his 1885 version of the "horseless carriage," which was initially a three-wheeled vehicle. Other innovations by Benz included a simple carburetor, an electrical ignition system, rack-and-pinion steering, and water cooling. For his development of the 1885 motorized tricycle, Benz is given credit by some for creating the first automobile, while others contend that the three-wheel design did not constitute a true modern car. Regardless of his right to the title of inventor of the automobile, Benz did leave his mark on the auto industry by pioneering one of the first marketable motorized vehicles and founding the automobile company that came to be known as Mercedes-Benz.

Benz was born in Karlsruhe, Germany, on November 25, 1844. His father was a railroad engineer who died of pneumonia when his son was two years old. The income that Benz"s mother received after the death of her husband was small, and Benz was called upon to help support the family as soon as he was old enough. Even as a boy, Benz was fascinated with technology, and he was able to use his talents in this area to make extra money. His earliest jobs were fixing watches and clocks, and he later constructed a darkroom where he would develop pictures for tourists visiting the nearby Black Forest.

Benz"s facility for technical matters was also displayed in school, where he worked as an assistant for a physics teacher. He continued his education at Karlsruhe Polytechnic and then went to work for an engine manufacturer. Benz had a very specific motive for working at the engine plant- he dreamed of creating a horseless carriage, and he wanted to learn as much as he could about engines. After gathering what knowledge he could there, in 1871 he moved on to a position with a wagon and pump company in Mannheim, Germany, where he gained more valuable experience. By 1872, he was ready to open his own engine shop. Just before starting his business, he married Berta Ringer.

Benz was quite successful as a manufacturer, selling a large number of engines and winning the confidence of investors. With the financial backing of others, he founded the Mannheim Gas Engine Manufacturing Company, which he intended to use in part to develop his horseless carriage. Even though the venture quickly made a profit, Benz"s investors did not want him to spend valuable resources on inventions. Benz unsuccessfully fought their decision and, after being in business for only three months, left the company. He quickly lined up new shareholders and founded a third business, Benz and Company, in October of 1883. The company was to sell stationary gas engines, but the new investors were also willing to support Benz"s horseless carriage as long as it did not detract from the production of the primary product.

After two decades of planning his horseless carriage, Benz finally had the resources to make it a reality. In 1885, he debuted his automobile, a motorized tricycle that was revolutionary primarily for its use of a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine. Earlier in the century, self-propelled vehicles had been developed with steam engines, but the internal combustion engine marked an important breakthrough for automobiles. It provided a lighter, more compact, and more efficient means of powering a vehicle. It was the adoption of the internal combustion engine that made Benz"s car a truly practical and appealing consumer product. For this reason, many consider Benz"s 1885 motorized tricycle the first automobile.

Another important feature of Benz"s vehicle was an electrical ignition system that used a battery to start the engine. This system became the basic model for all later ignitions. The tricycle also incorporated a carburetor, rack-and-pinion steering, a water cooling system, and rear springs. Benz held a public demonstration in the fall of 1885 to promote his invention, although he claimed to have first driven it the previous spring. On the road near his workshop, Benz and his wife began a ride on the automobile in front of a gathering of witnesses. After apparently forgetting to steer the tricycle, however, Benz quickly ran into a brick wall. Both passengers emerged from this early auto accident without injuries. The mishap did not dampen enthusiasm for Benz"s creation-a positive review of the vehicle appeared the following summer in the publication Neue Badische Landeszeitung.

Benz continued to improve his design with the introduction of a second gear, a larger, 3-horsepower engine, and improved brakes and springs. The first sale of a Benz automobile occurred in 1887, after it had been displayed at the Paris Exhibition earlier in the year. At the Munich Imperial Exhibition in 1888, Benz was awarded a gold medal for his invention. This recognition brought in many orders for the automobile, which at that time was a novelty that was only affordable by the wealthy. Still, business was so good that the Benz Company grew to 50 workers by 1889 and soon moved to a larger factory where a new four-wheeled model began production in 1890.

Benz had given into the idea of a four-wheeled automobile reluctantly and only after much lobbying by others in his company who sought a more modern design. Unlike other automobile inventors, Benz did not feel that a car needed to physically resemble the traditional four-wheeled carriage. After the model of 1890, he was even more opposed to changes in his design. His opinions were so strong that after a major update of the Benz automobile in 1905, the manufacturer continued to drive his older models of the car.

One major challenger of Benz"s claim to be the inventor of the automobile was a fellow German, Gottlieb Daimler. Daimler had created a better internal combustion engine and patented it five months before Benz"s engine. The first vehicle in which he demonstrated his, however, was a bicycle, resulting in the first motorcycle. Those supporting Benz argued that the two-wheeled vehicle resembled the modern automobile less than the Benz tricycle. Regardless, Daimler also went on to become a successful producer of four-wheeled automobiles and became one of Benz"s strongest competitors in both French and German markets. To try to gain a greater share of the French market, Daimler gave his car a French-sounding name- Mercedes-at the suggestion of a business partner. Despite their professional interest in each other, Benz and Daimler never met.

The Daimler company continued to do business after its founder died in 1900. Both it and the Benz company suffered a downturn during the economic depression after World War I. To strengthen their chances of survival, the companies merged to form Mercedes-Benz in 1926. By that time, Benz was no longer closely involved with the operation of the business, although he continued to receive recognition for his accomplishments as an automotive pioneer. His cars were collected by museums, and he was honored with a special procession of hundreds of automobiles from the city of Heidelberg to his home in Ladenburg in 1929. On that occasion, a number of prominent people made speeches in his honor and proclaimed him the inventor of the automobile. Two days later, on April 4, 1929, Benz died at his home in Ladenburg. Although later automotive innovators such as Henry Ford turned the car into a more successful product for the general public, Benz is remembered for his inventive genius and his groundbreaking work to create and market the first commercial automobile.

Nexon, John C., The Invention of the Automobile, Country Life, 1936.

Singer, Charles, A History of Technology, Volume 5: The Late Nineteenth Century, c. 1850 to c. 1900, Oxford University Press, 1958.